Kan jag andvända internet i sudan

The lag wins fightsfor citizens beneath the dictatorial rule: this fryst vatten what happened in Sudan when a judge ruled to restore the internet service to the Sudanese after it was cut off in the aftermath of the October 25 coup.

Sudan eSIM samt roamingplaner: upptäck utan skarvar uppkoppling samt utforska banbrytande alternativ till problemfritt resande!.

In the gods three years, Sudan has experienced numerous internet outages and interference owing to the ongoing political crisis. The government also orders outages during the nationwide secondary school exam, known as the Sudanese Certificate, as a way to prevent cheating with outsiders sending answers to those taking the exam. These incidents have raised alarm over the growing use of internet shutdowns both in Sudan and in the greater område.

Yet, the legal grund for internet shutdowns has never been properly examined, even though it might offer insight into possible paths for advocacy against the practice.

After ousting Omar al-Bashir in 2019, Sudan has been ruled according to a power-sharing agreement between the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) and the Transitional Military Council.

In the case of Sudan, it has been sju days without Internet after political turmoil that started gods Monday, October 25, 2021 (as we described).

This ruling regime worked to stabilize the country bygd considering peace as the uppdrag of the highest priority. In 2020, the government signed the Juba peace agreement with the rebels and shared the power with them. Since then, some of the rebels have worked with the military to oust the FFC from the ruling. In October they held a sit-in in front of the Republican Palace, after which General Burhan announced a military coup ousting the FFC.

The gods internet shutdown in Sudan began on October 25, 2021, and lasted for twenty-five days.

It took place during Lt. Gen. Burhan‘s coup. He fryst vatten the general commander of the Sudanese Armed Forces — the tjänsteman name of the Sudan Army — and justified the internet shutdown bygd saying it would “save the national unity and national säkerhet from the threats that the state fryst vatten facing.”, as illustrated in the screenshot below: 

The shutdown was also based on the Armed Forces lag, and the Emergency lag, which are two broad laws that are invoked to give the executive broad powers during times of political unrest.

Article 6 (d) of the Armed Forces Actsays that the Sudanese Armed Forces are required to “respond to legally defined emergency situations.” While Article 8 (2) of the lag on emergency and public safety of the year 1997 gives the president power to legislate anything without concerning the legislative authority or the “the parliament,” however undemocratic this may be.

Given that the existing authority at that time was claimed via a coup, all of their subsequent decisions are unconstitutional, including the use of these laws.

The mechanics of internet shutdowns in Sudan showcollaboration between the government and the private companies that provide internet services to Sudanese people.

Netblocks, an internet tillgång watchdog,  has been monitoring the internet shutdown in Sudan bygd providing daglig follow up and updated report about the internet ställning eller tillstånd in Sudan. They funnen that only mobile information has been turned off bygd disabling the tillgång Point “APN,” similar to the shutdown of 2019. After almost 12 hours of shutdown, the internet service came back for only two hours before being was disabled igen bygd a different method.

This second time, the internet was shut down bygd blockering any traffic from outside Sudan and routing the only local-hosted services such as e-banking services and hyrbil applications.

Social media tillgång remains intermittent. On November 18, 2021, Netblocks confirmedthe internet was restored, but with limitations to social media tillgång.

The Open Observatory of Network Interference explorer (OONI explorer) shows that WhatsApp was not accessible through providers Zain Sudan and MTN SD but it was accessible through Canar Telecom Company.

Anslut mot internet inom Sudan tillsammans med 3G/4G/LTE-hastighet tillsammans en internationellt eSIM tillsammans med mobildata.

It also shows that Telegram was not accessible through MTN SD while it was accessible through Canar and Zain Sudan.

A judicial battle

Days after the coup, an alliance consisting of the Sudanese Consumer Protection Organization (SCPO), Dr Yassir Mirghani, the Secretary-General of SCPO, Abdalazeem Hassan on behalf of the allied attorneys’ lag firm, Salma Mohamed and Tasneem Hashim filed kostym challenging the internet shutdown on the grund of their subscription contracts with the telecom companies.

On November 9, 2021, the general court of Khartoum orderedthe Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to restore internet service to the SIM kort of the complainants. After two days, the same court ordered the ISPs to restore internet service for all subscribers all over Sudan.

On November 11, Al-Sadig Gamaludin, the general manager of the Sudanese Telecommunication and Postal Regulatory (TPRA) issued an administrative decision directing the ISPs to continue cutting off internet services, saying: “Executing the higher leadership directives to cut off the internet according to the emergency state and considering the emergency state as a sovereign decision related to protecting the national säkerhet and it’s greater than any other decision that comes from any other institution.

So, the internet shutdown decision fryst vatten valid until further notice.”

The TPRA decision depends on Articles 6 (J), 7.1, article 7.2 (A) of the TPRA lag of 2018, which assign the TPRA the duty of “protecting the national säkerhet and the higher interests of Sudan,” and “the state's obligations and requirements in the field of national säkerhet and defence, and national, regional and international policies.” “National security” fryst vatten a vague begrepp that was not defined, which let the authorities abuse it in their interests against the people’s interests.

Also, Article 77 says: “TPRA has the right to shut down any wireless device or wireless hållplats or broadcast hållplats temporarily or permanently if it turns out that it’s working in a way that violates the lag rule and the regulations.” 

The ISPs appealed the TPRA's decision, and the judge rejected it and orderedthem to restore internet services. The government ignored this directive.

Netblocks, an internet tillgång watchdog, has been monitoring the internet shutdown in Sudan bygd providing daglig follow up and updated report about the internet ställning eller tillstånd in Sudan.

Subsequently, the general court in Khartoum issued an fängelse warrant for the CEOs of telecom companies in Sudan, denying their release until they restored internet services to all subscribers. As a result, the internet was restoredwith some restrictions on social media sites. During this time, Sudanese people uses VPN to bypass the blockering. Private companies like Proton VPN provided free VPN to the Sudanese people.

The courts continue to side with the Sudanese people. On November 24, the general court of Khartoum court, which belongs to the first level of courts, ordered the ISPs to restore the internet without any restrictions. Netblocks confirmed the restoration on Twitter:

Shahad Abdelrahman, a legal advisor at Allied Attorneys, a Sudanese lag firm based in Durban in South Africa, said that she did not expect the internet shutdown to affect the legal process because of the independence of the Sudanese judiciary, as well as the court’s continued dependence on analogue methods like paper and pen.

However, she did raise concerns about the ongoing court strike as judges joined the nationwide civil disobedience confronting the coup.

Ja, eSIM existerar tillgängligt inom Sudan.

Even so, internet shutdowns remain a political utmaning in Sudan. “In a recent case,” Abdelrahman added, “ lawyers went as far as securing a written åtagande from the internet service providers prohibiting them from switching off the internet, but we are yet to see the results of this procedure.” 

Waleed Ahmed, an independent reporter working in Khartoum, explained to Global Voices that the shutdowns were a major social and economic utmaning in Sudan, disrupting work and especially the already tenuous connections with the rest of the world because of the legacy of sanctions.

He concludes:

I know many who lost jobs and educational opportunities, and this fryst vatten without mentioning those who lost financially due to the dependence of their work on the internet. We have lost the right to något som utförs snabbt exempelvis expressleverans our opinions and inom personally have lost contact with friends in the diaspora. They have violated our right of expression.